Ports of India
INDIAN GEOGRAPHY
Purnima Azad
4/21/20243 min read
There are 12 major ports in India and around 200 minor ports. The major ports are under the control of the central government, whereas minor ports are under the control of the State Government. • These ports handle about 61% of the country’s total cargo traffic. • The Major Ports are under the Union List, while the Non-Major Ports are under the Concurrent List of the Constitution of India. State Port Other information
Gujarat-
Kandla Port/Deendayal Port
Located in Kutch District
It is the largest port in India in terms of the volume of cargo handled.
Natural and protected tidal port
It is located in an earthquake-prone region
It was set up after partition as the chief seaport serving western India.
It is mainly used in the petroleum and fertilizer trade.
It is also a Trade Free Zone.
Maharashtra-
Mumbai Port
Natural port
Largest natural port in India.
It has three enclosed wet docks: Prince’s Dock, Victoria Dock, Indira Dock
2 Jetty’s Jawah Dweep (handles petroleum and crude) and Pirpau Dweep (handles chemicals).
Jawaharlal Nehru Port/ Nhava Sheva
This port is also the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor terminal proposed by Indian Railways.
All-weather tidal port
It can be accessed via Thane Creek
JNPT is connected to over 200 ports worldwide and ranked 33rd in the top 100 Container Ports list.
It ranked 28th globally regarding traffic handling capacity and became India's first port to enter the top 30 ports globally.
Goa-
Mormugao Port
It is the natural port on the mouth of river Zuari
It is protected by backwater and a mole.
Leading Iron ore exporting port
Karnataka-
New Mangalore Port
Deepwater, all-weather port
Use for iron ore export from Kudremukh mines
It is located at Panambur in Karnataka at the Gurupura River confluence with the Arabian Sea.
Kerala -
Cochin Port
The port lies on two islands in the Lake of Kochi: Willingdon Island and Vallarpadam, towards the Fort
Kochi River mouth opening onto the Laccadive Sea.
All-weather port
International Container Transshipment Terminal (ICTT), part of the Cochin Port, is India's most prominent and first container transhipment facility.
It was declared the cleanest port in India in 2019 by the Union Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.
It is also a centre for shipbuilding.
Export of spices, tea, coffee, etc.
Tamil Nadu -
Chennai Port
2nd largest container port in India
Oldest artificial harbour
Largest port in the Bay of Bengal
Imports: Iron, food grain, leather, sugar, tobacco, coconut products
Ennore Port/Kamarajar Port
Located on the Coromandel Coast, North of Chennai Port, Chennai.
The first port in India is a public company.
Tuticorin Port/V.O Chidambaram Port
The artificial port located in the Gulf of Mannar.
The port mainly trades with Sri Lanka and is correctly connected by railways and roads.
Located to the East of Hare Island
It is best for pearl fishery in the Bay of Bengal
Andhra Pradesh -
Vishakhapatnam
India’s second largest port by volume of cargo handled.
Deepest natural harbour of India
Self-protected due to Dolphin’s nose
It is the only Major Port in India to have three international accreditations for quality environment and occupational health and safety management systems – ISO – 9001, 14001, and OHSAS-45001.
It has 3 principal harbours: the outer harbour, the inner harbour and the fishing harbour.
It is notified as a Gateway port for the EXIM cargo of Nepal.
It has the deepest container terminal among major ports.
Odisha-
Paradip Port
Located at the confluence of Mahanadi in the Bay of Bengal
Artificial sea port.
Mechanical facility for loading and unloading.
The first major port on the East Coast was commissioned in independent India. • Export of iron ore to Japan
West Bengal Kolkata-
Port/Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Port Trust
Only riverine major port in India
Oldest operating port of India.
Known for twin dock systems viz., Kolkata Dock System (KDS) on the eastern bank and Haldia Dock Complex (HDC) on the western bank of river Hooghly.